Udhibiti wa haki au uhuru wa kimsingi

Kiswahili

(1)Haki au uhuru wa kimsingi katika Sheria za Haki hazitadhibitiwa isipokuwa kulingana na sheria, na kwa kiwango ambacho kinafaa katika jamii iliyo wazi na ya kidemokrasia, na iliyo kwenye misingi ya hadhi ya binadamu, usawa na uhuru, na kwa kuzingatia maswala yote husika ikijumuisha––

(a)hali ya haki hiyo au uhuru huo wa kimsingi;

(b)umuhimu wa lengo la udhibiti huo;

(c)hali na kiwango cha udhibiti huo;

(d)umuhimu wa kuhakikisha kwamba kutekelezwa kwa haki hizo na uhuru huo wa kibinafsi wa mtu yeyote hautatizi haki na uhuru wa kimsingi wa watu wengine; na

(e)uhusiano kati ya udhibiti huo na lengo lake, na ikiwa kuna njia zingine ambazo hazidhibiti sana na ambazo zinaweza kufikia lengo hilo.

(2)Licha ya sehemu ya (1), kifungu katika sheria kinachodhibiti haki au uhuru wa kimsingi—

(a)ikiwa ni kifungu kilichotungwa au kurekebishwa katika, au baada ya siku ya kuanza kutumika kwa Katiba hii, kifungu hicho sio halali, isipokuwa sheria hiyo idhihirishe kusudi la kudhibiti haki hiyo au uhuru huo wa kimsingi na kiwango cha udhibiti huo;

(b)hakitachukuliwa kuwa kinadhibiti haki hiyo au uhuru huo isipokuwa kieleze wazi na kwa njia maalum kuhusu haki au uhuru wa kimsingi unaodhibitiwa na hali au kiwango cha udhibiti huo; na

(c)hakitadhibiti haki au uhuru wa kimsingi kwa njia itakayotofautiana na maudhui muhimu ya haki au uhuru huo wa kimsingi.

(3)Serikali au mtu anayetaka kuhalalisha udhibiti fulani atathibitishia mahakama, taasisi iliyo na mamlaka ya mahakama au mamlaka nyingine kwamba mahitaji ya Kifungu hiki yameridhishwa.

(4)Vifungu katika Sura hii kuhusu usawa vitadhibitiwa katika utekelezaji wa Sheria ya Kiislamu katika mahakama za Kadhi kwa waumini wa dini ya Kiislamu, katika maswala yanayohusiana na hadhi zao za kibinafsi, hali ya ndoa, talaka na urithi.

(5)Licha ya sehemu za (1) na (2), kifungu katika sheria kinaweza kudhibiti utekelezaji wa haki na uhuru wa kimsingi katika vifungu vifuatavyo, kwa watu wanaohudumu katika Majeshi ya Ulinzi ya Kenya au Huduma ya Kitaifa ya Polisi–

(a)31—Faragha;

(b)36—Uhuru wa kutangamana;

(d)41—Mahusiano ya kikazi;

(e)43—Haki za kiuchumi na za kijamii; na

(f)49—Haki za waliotiwa mbaroni.

English

Limitation of rights and fundamental freedoms

(1)A right or fundamental freedom in the Bill of Rights shall not be limited except by law, and then only to the extent that the limitation is reasonable and justifiable in an open and democratic society based on human dignity, equality and freedom, taking into account all relevant factors, including—

(a)the nature of the right or fundamental freedom;

(b)the importance of the purpose of the limitation;

(c)the nature and extent of the limitation;

(d)the need to ensure that the enjoyment of rights and fundamental freedoms by any individual does not prejudice the rights and fundamental freedoms of others; and

(e)the relation between the limitation and its purpose and whether there are less restrictive means to achieve the purpose.

(2)Despite clause (1), a provision in legislation limiting a right or fundamental freedom—

(a)in the case of a provision enacted or amended on or after the effective date, is not valid unless the legislation specifically expresses the intention to limit that right or fundamental freedom, and the nature and extent of the limitation;

(b)shall not be construed as limiting the right or fundamental freedom unless the provision is clear and specific about the right or freedom to be limited and the nature and extent of the limitation; and

(c)shall not limit the right or fundamental freedom so far as to derogate from its core or essential content.

(3)The State or a person seeking to justify a particular limitation shall demonstrate to the court, tribunal or other authority that the requirements of this Article have been satisfied.

(4)The provisions of this Chapter on equality shall be qualified to the extent strictly necessary for the application of Muslim law before the Kadhis’ courts, to persons who profess the Muslim religion, in matters relating to personal status, marriage, divorce and inheritance.

(5)Despite clause (1) and (2), a provision in legislation may limit the application of the rights or fundamental freedoms in the following provisions to persons serving in the Kenya Defence Forces or the National Police Service—

(a)Article 31—Privacy;

(b)Article 36—Freedom of association;

(c)Article 37—Assembly, demonstration, picketing and petition;

(d)Article 41—Labour relations;

(e)Article 43—Economic and social rights; and

(f)Article 49—Rights of arrested persons.